{"id":184,"date":"2015-01-19T02:14:00","date_gmt":"2015-01-19T02:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/113.190.42.11:8182\/cewafo\/2015\/01\/19\/k-ni-m-85-nam-ngay-thanh-l-p-d-ng-c-ng-s-n-vi-t-nam-03-02-1930-03-02-2015\/"},"modified":"2015-01-19T02:14:00","modified_gmt":"2015-01-19T02:14:00","slug":"k-ni-m-85-nam-ngay-thanh-l-p-d-ng-c-ng-s-n-vi-t-nam-03-02-1930-03-02-2015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/2015\/01\/k-ni-m-85-nam-ngay-thanh-l-p-d-ng-c-ng-s-n-vi-t-nam-03-02-1930-03-02-2015\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 85 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (03\/02\/1930 – 03\/02\/2015)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chi\u00a0\u1ee7y TTCBDB TNN\u00a0tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng g\u1eedi t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n v\u0103n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 85 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (03\/02\/1930 – 03\/02\/2015) do Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N VI\u1ec6T NAM RA \u0110\u1edcI N\u0102M 1930 M\u1ede RA B\u01af\u1edaC NGO\u1eb6T L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec C\u1ee6A C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea1nh tranh sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin t\u1eeb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi – th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3\/1919 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* N\u0103m 1858, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia phong ki\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n; chia Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh ba x\u1ee9: B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, Trung K\u1ef3, Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed7i k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u00e2u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n; \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1: Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p thi h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, g\u00e2y t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1ef1 ti, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u01b0ng b\u00edt v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngu d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 cai tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 c\u00e2u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn tay sai, t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do. Giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0111a s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, phong ki\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. Giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ecdc sinh, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do\u2026 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mang th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ngo\u00e0i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1eeba c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; Hai l\u00e0, xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn, gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* Phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng – phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 phong ki\u1ebfn, do giai c\u1ea5p phong ki\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng (n\u0103m 1896). Sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u n\u1eefa. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1913. Phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n do c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Chu Trinh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i do Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hun \u0111\u00fac qua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ecm trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169 th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 5\/6\/1911 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh sau n\u00e0y) ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u0103m 1917, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ebfn Paris v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1919 gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u00e1ng 6\/1919, thay m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb V\u00e9cx\u00e2y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u00e1ng 7\/1920, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p (th\u00e1ng 12\/1920), Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III (Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n do L\u00eanin s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp) v\u00e0 tham gia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam: mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, v\u1ea1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1921 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c ra s\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, tham gia nhi\u1ec1u tham lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cB\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o Thanh ni\u00ean, C\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, L\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh, Ti\u1ec1n phong, nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 1927, B\u1ed9 Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d (t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thanh ni\u00ean). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, mu\u1ed1n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i th\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 v\u1eefng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u00e1i c\u00f3 v\u1eefng th\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung cho vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp ra H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thanh ni\u00ean (n\u0103m 1925), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng (\u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong>, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1930<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1929, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chia r\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 7\/2\/1930.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng (\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea3ng, An Nam C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n) th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n: Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 do Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c thay m\u1eb7t Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t do Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 2 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t – \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam – theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c son ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c – H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ngay t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam; gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng chung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong su\u1ed1t 85 n\u0103m qua.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.<\/strong>CH\u1eb6NG \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG 85 N\u0102M \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/span>L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG GI\u00c0NH TH\u1eaeNG L\u1ee2I V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I, KH\u00d4NG NG\u1eeaNG TR\u01af\u1edeNG TH\u00c0NH V\u00c0 L\u1edaN M\u1ea0NH<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n (1930 – 1945)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi 3 cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 3 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 tay nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: Cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 1930 – 1931 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft Ngh\u1ec7 – T\u0129nh, cao tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n sinh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (1936 – 1939) v\u00e0 cao tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 (1939 – 1945). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gian kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n 15 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng phong ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch giai c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, gi\u1eefa gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u00ean trong, n\u00eau cao \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi tranh th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1edbp th\u1eddi c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i nguy c\u01a1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c – k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi – th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (nay l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam) – Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng N\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam ch\u00e2u \u00c1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cDo s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, do s\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh, cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d; \u201cCh\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, m\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng: l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 n\u1eeda thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh 2 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c (1945 – 1975)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u0103m 1945 – 1946, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f9 trong, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; b\u1ea7u c\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i (6\/1\/1946); x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (9\/11\/1946); ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m; th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, l\u00fac th\u00ec t\u1ea1m h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00fac th\u00ec ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i T\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 k\u1ebb th\u00f9, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n non tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u00e1ng 12\/1946, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m: Ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0 hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn; v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd k\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u0169 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh G\u01a1nev\u01a1, h\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam, bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n n\u00eau cao quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng binh v\u1eadn; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba v\u00f9ng (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai); k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao; ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, k\u1ebft th\u00fac 30 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trang ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

+ X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hai mi\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; gi\u1eefa h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn; gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; gi\u1eefa quy lu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf; gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng an ninh, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng; m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc; t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mi\u1ec1n Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* T\u1eeb 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn 1986<\/em>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1eb7p mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eeba ra s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung bao c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 l\u00fac, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan, duy \u00fd ch\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c sau: Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 6, kho\u00e1 IV (th\u00e1ng 8-1979); Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 100-CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 13\/1\/1981 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 25\/CP ng\u00e0y 21\/1\/1981 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c doanh; Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 8, kho\u00e1 V (th\u00e1ng 6\/1985) th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (th\u00e1ng 9\/1986) v\u1ec1 3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VI c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (th\u00e1ng 12\/1986) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* T\u1eeb 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/em>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e2m v\u00e0o tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (th\u00e1ng 6\/1991) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, qua g\u1ea7n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 khu v\u1ef1c (1997 – 1998); kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng. Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III. PH\u00c1T HUY TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG V\u1eba VANG, NH\u1eeeNG B\u00c0I H\u1eccC KINH NGHI\u1ec6M L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG TRONG 85 N\u0102M, T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG \u0110\u1ea2NG TRONG S\u1ea0CH V\u1eeeNG M\u1ea0NH, \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC NG\u00c0Y C\u00c0NG GI\u00c0U \u0110\u1eb8P<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

85 n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/em> Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 (nay l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam) \u0111\u00e3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>: Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1975, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>: Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong h\u01a1n 85 n\u0103m qua, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– B\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch giai c\u1ea5p, l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng; gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i; l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vun tr\u1ed3ng, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u00fang xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u1eafn phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00e0<\/em>, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> – ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd vinh quang m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 trao l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0<\/em>, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng, xa r\u1eddi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/em>: \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft – Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n l\u00e0<\/em>, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/em>. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m l\u00e0<\/em>, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. Ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn: sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong su\u1ed1t 85 n\u0103m qua, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5.<\/strong>T\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ta trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb9p <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 85 n\u0103m qua k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh; n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo Cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 (l\u1ea7n 2) kho\u00e1 VIII, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ban h\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 06-CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 07\/11\/2006 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/em>\u201d, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 03-CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 14\/5\/2011 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/em>, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 4 kh\u00f3a XI ng\u00e0y 16\/1\/2012 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n nay,<\/em> Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 7 kh\u00f3a XI ng\u00e0y 03\/6\/2013 v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u00e2n v\u1eadn trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi<\/em>\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau th\u1eddi gian tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p u\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, sai ph\u1ea1m. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9; vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. Tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n v\u1eefng tay l\u00e1i, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc 5 n\u0103m 2011 – 2015 do \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh; ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nhanh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5; s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* *<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n 85 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 85 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng quang vinh, v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: D\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh, v\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam!<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam quang vinh mu\u00f4n n\u0103m!<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u00f4n n\u0103m!<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chi\u00a0\u1ee7y TTCBDB TNN\u00a0tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng g\u1eedi t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n v\u0103n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 85 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (03\/02\/1930 – 03\/02\/2015) do Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh I. \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N VI\u1ec6T NAM RA \u0110\u1edcI N\u0102M 1930 M\u1ede RA B\u01af\u1edaC NGO\u1eb6T L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec C\u1ee6A C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG VI\u1ec6T NAM 1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam a. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea1nh tranh sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dangtrung.io.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}